From the nineteenth century onwards, progressive historians emphasized labour as central to social history, and to artistic practice itself: the artist as worker. But what becomes of this view when labour—artistic as well as non-artistic—is fundamentally reframed by artificial intelligence? This question connects directly to the work of Hans Hess, the German Jewish émigré art historian who introduced museology to the UK and played a decisive role in the postwar reception of German Expressionism. Hess placed labour at the centre of art history, and his many unpublished writings are now coming to light through an ongoing archival project.
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