The term ‘art therapy’ was coined in mid-twentieth century Europe, but its history reaches back into the nineteenth century. Its development as a clinical practice was as diverse as it was discontinuous: in different contexts, art therapy could serve as a means of healing and transformation, or as a tool of discipline and pathologization. Over the course of the twentieth century, the methods and institutions of art therapy have spread globally, intersecting with developments in modern aesthetics and art history in ways that remain largely unexplored.
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